Hi, Hivean lovers of fairy tales.
Horacia reads from our copy of Grimm's Fairy Tales - photo of mine
When you were little, did you ever hear of “The Tale of One Who Traveled to Learn What Shivering Meant”?
I didn’t. I read the story when I was nine or ten from a book in our local Public Library: Grimm's Fairy Tales; and I have to be honest, I kind of liked it. But recently, when I read it again, I found it boring and inconsistent. Then I’ve been searching for information on this matter; I’ve seen there have been some important literary and TV adaptations; I have also read somewhere the story is loosely based on one of Lancelot’s adventures. But it seems to me that in spite of its alleged cultural value, perhaps this tale didn’t make it to the memepool; otherwise, I’m missing something.
In Jack Zipes's words, “only when a tale makes itself relevant or is made relevant through human agency, and also fulfills certain basic needs, will it become a meme […] Once it retains a place within a module of our brains, it provides information vital to the adaptation to the environment" (111). Then probably this tale lacks this relevance Zipes writes about, does it? The answer is up to us.
(If you have not read the story, I invite you to do it here.)
Illustration by H.J. Ford from the 1889 edition of 'The Blue Fairy Book' edited by Andrew Lang -Image in the Public Domain
What Does “The Tale of One Who Traveled to Learn What Shivering Meant” tell?
Well, it tells exactly that:
A boy who was “so stupid that he could learn nothing” leaves his home and sets off on his journey to learn what shivering was, for he had heard everyone to say, “Oh, it makes us shiver!” when they were told scary stories, but he could not understand it; he felt no fear. At the time of his departure, his father has given him fifty dollars and has warned him that even when he finally gets to learn what shivering means, he would never earn his bread by that.
On his quest for feeling the shiver, and after he has assured his skeptical and disappointed father he knew this business would support him, he faces supernatural and lethal opponents, whom he defeats with a tremendous display of serenity and prowess.
By the time he’s about to take what seems to be his definite challenge, we have learned he’s strong, skilled, and good looking (the inn keeper’s wife fears “such beautiful eyes …should not see the light again,” and when the King looked at him, “his appearance pleased him”); he also happens to be peculiarly—or questionably—clever (he knows what “inanimate things” to request that he can use later to overcome the final obstacles—a fire, a lathe, and a cutting-board).
He decides to take the challenge. Whoever ventured to watch three nights in the enchanted castle would marry the King’s daughter, who is described as “the most beautiful lady that the sun ever shone upon.”
On his first night in the castle, our hero beats ghostly evil black cats, dogs and six horses which try to kill him violently. On the second night he plays at ninepins using thigh bones and skulls brought by dead men. And on the third night, he has to fight his dead cousin who wants to strangle him; and then he’s challenged by the tallest and strongest of the six pallbearers who had brought his cousin’s living corpse.
He beats the tall spectrum, demonstrating with this last achievement that he is a formidable fighter. Fearing a sure death, this last opponent offers him a fortune in exchange of his life—Yes, dead men have lives they cherish too; what can I say—; “three chests full of gold in a cellar,” one for the poor, one for the King, and one for him (according to the instructions of the challenger). And none of these terrors remains after midnight whatsoever.
The morning after the third night, the King asks the boy, “Now have you learnt to shiver?” But the boy sadly answers he hasn’t. And after the King tells him he has won the castle and will marry the princess, and even after the wedding, “notwithstanding his love for his bride and his great contentment, [he] was still continually crying, ‘If I could but shiver!’ If I could but shiver!’”
A bit of a tantrum
Now, at this point, I wanted to kill the boy myself. How stubborn can he be! When I realized I was already in the last paragraph, which meant there was no time to make it any better, I felt even more frustrated; it’d been so long a climax that the story had lost me out of annoyance. I thought the writers could have been better entertainers, right? But it was a hit two hundred years ago, so it was probably my bad. But wait! A hit I said? Rapunzel (ATU 310) is still a hit, The Bluebeard (ATU 312) and Little Red Riding Hood (ATU 333) still are, too; all them in the category of Supernatural Opponents along with this tale of this morose fellow who goes crying all along the story.
My guess? This is probably one of those stories which, in Stephen Evan’s words, “have fallen out of favour.” In his 2014 article, Evans remarks:
It’s clear that many children love the gory bits. And it’s clear that many parents don’t. A survey last year found that many reported that their children had been left in tears by the gruesome fate of Little Red Riding Hood. Some parents wouldn’t read “Rumpelstiltskin” to their children because it was about kidnapping and execution. And many parents felt that Cinderella was a bad role model for daughters because she did housework all day. (par.9)
So why do children—and adults—continue to read, buy and recommend stories like these? Let’s be casual and digress a little. I think It’s like what happened to many of us with that old school anime Takahata’s Haha o Tazunete Sanzenri from the seventies (3000 Leagues in Search of Mother)—which I’ve just learned is loosely based on the story of Marco in Edmondo De Amici’s children’s novel Heart (1886)—. Go back forty years in time and we’re there—well, I am—, watching today’s episode, suffering because deep down we know he’s not going to find his mom this time either, but we can’t help it, perhaps we crave for the customary emotional whiplash, or we want to exercise our clinging to hope—maybe faith does work—.
Well whatever keeps us engaged to stories like this one seems to be difficult to appreciate in “The Tale of One Who Traveled to Know What Shivering Meant.”
Is It a Dull Story Then?
I think this goes beyond Disney’s picking up “on the scariness of fairy tales as something which appeals to both children and adults” (Tatar qted. in Evans, par. 15).
Even when one decides to put aside other brilliant annotations like the ones made by professor Maria Tatar (1987), with her functional synthetic approach “drawing on the methods promoted by folklorists, the insights developed by psychoanalytical critics, and the data provided by historians” (qted. in Ward, par. 1), we have that the hero fails to be empathic; and in turn, we fail to establish empathy with him. Even the disgusting Frog in “The King-Frog; or Iron Heinrich” (aka “The Frog-Prince,” ATU 440) shows empathy when he asks the princess what ails her so much after she has lost her golden ball (like we’re told in some of the most popular versions). And one certainly talks about this matters not without fearing that professor Alan Dundes should come back from the dead just to reprimand us for treating the matter so lightly (mainly for our fallaciously dealing with a single version of a folk tale).
Our hero doesn’t display any valued trait at the beginning. And although he proves himself a man of prowess throughout the story, let’s say he does not make a first good impression. Besides, we might fail to feel bad for him because his father treats him unjustly, but we are not sure about that. In spite of being rude, his father seems to be right. Also, it is difficult for us to establish empathy because he doesn’t wish for something universally understood. Fear is natural and inherent to all human beings, unless biology fails to do its job; we don’t roam the world trying to discover what this is like; at its best, we could compare his to the want for adrenaline some people experience. And I know this is a fairy tale, but.
Good Vs. Evil
Good must always win. Bettelheim knew it was important for children, and so does our fairy tale. One of the problems of the story, in my humble opinion, is that most evident evil is defeated too easily; there’s hardly tension, or emotional contagion. While the less evident evil but which actually triggers the action, his father’s rejecting him, his brother’s ridiculing him, plus the social scorn which he had to stand not only are dwarfed by his obsession with learning what shivering feels like, but are never resolved—as if those lines never mattered—. At the beginning of the story we are presented with a hero and a conflict in a family context, and in the end we are left with the feeling that it will linger there forever, waiting.
(And yes, I have already considered this is ATU 326, “Supernatural Opponents” category. But I like to think Aarne, Thompson, and Uther would agree on this and then say, “Hey, we’re just doing our job.”)
A Failed Hint of Humor?
Was it supposed to be funny perhaps? If they wanted to parody some Lancelot’s adventure, which I can’t tell, I’m sure Chaucer would have done it outstandingly—Certainly, I could not think of Sir Thomas Malory for this—. The kind of spicy humor we find in “The Nun’s Priest’s Tale,” for example, would have made this Grimm tale become not exactly a mock-heroic story, but it would have added some flavor in the last scene, when the princess, on one of her chambermaids’ advice, pours a pail of cold water and fish over her husband, making him finally—Lord, finally!—shiver. The princess would make a nice Pertelote; just imagine her telling her husband to stop the foolishness and go about some serious business—other than learning what shivering means now that he has finally learned it.
Finally, you and I know the difference between shivering because we’ve seen a ghost and shivering because we’re cold. And you and I know that this boy must have felt cold before, right? Right. Then how are we supposed to make this tale relevant for any reason other than it is one Grimm tale? That’s what I mean.
Thanks for reading and for being fond of fairy tales.
References
Brothers Grimm. “The Tale of One Who Travelled to Learn What Shivering Meant.” Grimm’s Fairy Tales. Barns & Nobles Classics, 2003, pp.18-26.
Evans, Stephen. “Are Fairy Tales Too Twisted for Children?” BBC Culture, 21 Oct. 2014, bbc.com/culture/story/20130801-too-grimm-for-children. Accessed 15 Apr. 2020.
Ward, Donald. Review of The Hard Facts of the Grimms' Fairy Tales, by Maria Tatar. The Journal of American Folklore, vol. 102, no. 403, Jan.-Mar. 1989, pp. 97-100, jstor.org/stable/540089?read-now=1&refreqid=excelsior%3Aef5b3a14299ddf12cba48f97bb794b67&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents. Accessed 18 Apr. 2020.
Zipes, Jack. “What Makes a Repulsive Frog so Appealing: Memetics and Fairy Tales.” Journal of Folklore Reasearch, vol. 45, no. 2, May-Aug. 2008, pp. 109-143. Indiana University Press, jstor.org/stable/40206971?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents. Accessed 15 Apr. 2020.
What an outstanding post! I've dabbled in the analysis of fairy tales, but obviously not to the extent you have. Generally speaking I put them all in the 'moral lesson' to learn genre and left it at that.
The answer came to me after reading the title. Send him out on a motorcycle in a cold spring rain (or even snow). When he crashes after his shivering has inputted his steering he can use his recovery time to contemplate shivering. Simple 😂
Thanks for a wonderful effort. In spite of my frivolous answer, it made me think. That's the whole idea right?
Hi, @bigtom13. So nice to see your comment to my post.
Fairy tales belong to the world, but they are also private treasures, so we pretty much decide what is valuable in them.
I like your proposal. Seems effective :D And it seems rather violent, but in the end is actually Zen, lol.
If this makes you think, I'm a winner!
That was what I would add, too. It makes one think and that's enough for me to appreciate it. I enjoy finding the little lessons in everything.
I can't think of a Tarantino movie that has a Main Point but I like them nonetheless... For example ;)
It's a nice philosophy, @manoldonchev. I think that if you like finding little lessons in everything then you have more chances to enjoy yourself and grow wiser.
Love Tarantino, btw :D
This is such a wonderful analysis of a fairy tale! This is one I heard growing up, I remember finding it funny then, how ridiculous he was. Going back to it as an adult, I can see how he seems petulant and unappreciative of all he accomplishes. The somewhat twisted tales of the brothers grimm always entertained me. I did particularly enjoy this one as a kid, but i think it probably was as you say, more to do with the scary aspect of it. The way he pursues being able to shiver, an instinctive reaction someone has very little control over, it's almost like he makes it so it won't ever happen. By being so focused on not being able to shiver, he isn't present enough in any situation to have that natural experience. I love your alternative princess with a bucket of fish ending, that made me giggle!
I am sincerely appreciative of how well referenced this dive into a fairy tale is. It's really interesting to think about how different fairy tales rise and fall in popularity, and how that must in some way reflect differing attitudes. Really enjoyed this!
What an interesting view of the problem. It has happened to everybody, I think, we go after something for so long and it turns out it was there right before us. In this case he had lots of opportunities, but he missed them all. Perhaps understanding that helps the story become more popular :D
Thanks for the visit, @laetalis-laetitia!
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Fairy stories reveal life in a different way of telling, good or bad normally able to project some form of reality. Thanks for your review.
So true, @joanstewart. Fairy tales show so much of our culture. Thanks for your comment. Much appreciated :)
I'd say that fairy stories aren't taken seriously and shouldn't be, because they are generally just fantasy. Things happen in fairy stories that can't happen in real life, although I do think it's possible there are actual people who don't shiver, and never have. Even if they're in the cold or a frightening situation.
Thanks for your expressing your opinion, @free-reign. I love to know what people think of fairy tales.
Fairy tales come from our culture; they are reflection of our values, our beliefs and superstitions, our considerations on ethics and moral. For example, you must know the story of the Frog-Prince; in older versions, the Frog turns into a Prince only after the princess throws it against the wall, but later writers made her kiss the Frog instead, or have her let it sleep on her pillow for three nights, for example, only to make her behavior socially acceptable.
It's fantasy plus a lot more.
People who don't shiver... I think I met one. He was three and was afraid of nothing as far as I could see. His parents took him to therapy.
Yes, it's an interesting genre for sure. I didn't know the original Frog Prince was to be thrown against the wall. 😵 That is indeed interesting to find out! And yes, the church had such power over everything. I remember the "blue laws" we had in America, when nothing was allowed to be open on Sundays.
So it is with written materials that get "revisions" in order to be acceptable to whoever's calling the shots at the time. Thanks for the reminder on the cultural aspect of fairy tales and the fact that there are usually some real-life truths involved.
Thank you for your consideration. You know the power of the Church is something terrible in my opinion, so is the power of any institution which promotes a doctrine. I prefer to question everything and be free. But I do value what they do to keep things under control; some people really need religion.
Nice talking to you, @free-reign :)
Likewise. 🙂
Thanks for the review of the story. Most fairy tales have an underlying lesson but perhaps this one shows how mundane life can sometimes be with no magical solution. :)
Yes, maybe. This tale has an intriguing moral; I'm having a hard time trying to tease it out. I like what you propose. Thanks a lot, @redheadpei :)
Hello @marlyncabrera,
Eccellent literary analysis. It is great to find posts like yours in our community that entertain and teach.
Thank you very much for sharing this wonderful article.
Thank you for your kind words, @janaveda. I'm glad you liked it and I really hope it actually teaches something useful.
Siempre es un placer leerte, querida @marlyncabrera, me dió mucha alegría cuando vi tu nombre en este apoyo diario. Te dejo un agran abrazo y mi apoyo a tu excelente trabajo, de los mejores en la plataforma. estaré atenta de visitarte en tu blog.
¡Querida @marybellrg, hola! Tanto tiempo sin verte. En un rato paso por tu blog.
Gracias por tus palabras tan generosas. Tú apoyo significa mucho para mí; me recuerda a tiempos felices en Steemit. ¡Saludos!
I must say I have never heard this story before!!
And I believe you, lol
You should read it, so you can have that unique experience :)
Great post, love those old fairy tales. Yes indeed the have a tilted sense of humor at times, a bit of gore and those ever present fairy princesses! The classics!
Thank you for your kind words! I love them, too. One of my favorites: Little Red Riding Hood; more a bit of gore than a bit of humor.
Thanks for the visit, @birdsinparadise!
Good job guys
Great post ...really very inisiative
Resteem
I must say thank you, visitor in the hive!
I had never heard of that tale but it leaves me wanting too and I think I would go with
what Stephen Evan said
Yes, I know the feeling. Perhaps you would've liked it when you were little. Who knows.
I'm remembering now that one of the four cardinal virtues of the hero is wisdom (the others being, fortitude, jutsice and temperance). I don't know how Disney-Pixar could make this hero look wise. He's rather dumb.
Thanks for the visit, @porters :)
Some of those old German cautionary children's folk tales are terrifying. In the USA, I was ready many of them at night as kid. It was almost impossible to sleep after Little Red Riding hood.
Little Red Riding Hood is one of my favorites and depending on the version you read, it can be quite terrifying.
Thanks for the visit, @justinparke :)
Wow, cool post. Have a great weekend. 🙏
Thanks a lot, @wonderwop :)
Have a great weekend, too! And thanks for the visit.
So his father gave him the answer from the beginning but he didn't listen... and yet the fater allowed him to go on that journey
Hi, @hazem91!
Yes, you can expect that from a teenage. And this how his father said good bye (after his son, our failed hero, took an old saxton--who was trying to scare him--for a thieve and threw him downstairs):
Not a heartwarming good-bye.
Thanks for the visit! It means a lot to me that you have taken the time read my post :)
oh wow not heartwarming at all
(it was my pleasure)
I've never heard of this particular fairy tale, but I don't think I've missed out all these years, lol. Great post about what a good fairy tale, and why this isn't a good one.
I'm not surprised. I think many, many people have missed this story, or maybe they eventually forgot it because it was't relevant for them--for any reason.
Thanks for your kind words and for the visit, @blueeyes8960 :)
As you mentioned about the gory bits. Kids do love those but when I was young the fairy tale stories that I was told was all happily ever after. Only when I grew older I discovered the grim parts of the stories that we loved.
Hi, @watersnake101 :)
The same happened to me. I felt mixed emotions of gratifying awareness and horror when as a teenager, I got to reexamine the fact that seven-year-old Little Thumb had been abandoned to their fate in the forest twice by their parents, along with his six little brothers (the eldest was only ten). Their parents were so poor that they could not feed them. But you’re presented with this misery as if it was nothing, and later on you get to focus on the adventures of Little Thumb and how he could use those “seven league boots,” a challenging logic.
This story is not a Grimm tale, by the way. It’s Perrault’s (1697).
Thanks a lot for the visit :)
Interesting... I'd never heard of that story before!
Well, I'm glad that now you have. It's not my favorite, but it is indeed interesting.
Thanks for the visit, @felt.buzz :)
Wonderful work, @marlyncabrera. This reminds me of the scholarly articles I read in graduate school, and it truly makes me miss academia. In fact, that was one possible career path (following in the footsteps of my professor father), but the amount of schooling and loans to get to the point where I could be truly successful put me off. I still sort of yearn for the path not taken, however.
Analyzing stories is a great pastime, and it can shed light on so many things - the way we deal with fear and adversity, for example - while giving us new insights on hidden meanings that would otherwise go unexamined.
I think stories of the past were often much more violent and full of demons and creepy stuff and mischief, which today we almost can't imagine an author indulging in. But I think I remember reading that in the days of Grimm the stories were designed to help people deal with some truly horrible stuff that they endured, including wars and famines and plagues. When you think about it, writing lighthearted charming stories would have fallen flat and felt completely foreign compared with some of the real life stuff people had to endure.
Thank you so much, @jayna. Your comment on thin post means a lot to me.
In my country, being a teacher is not easy; it’s demanding—but only if you want to do a good job—and saying that it’s not well paid is a nicely put understatement (I could say a lot on that matter, but, like Bartleby the Scrivener, “I’d prefer not to”), and in the last two decades it’s also been 100% deprived of success. I write on these topics because I need to remember how things used to be for me, so I think I may sound like a teacher once too often.
Analyzing stories has become a pastime for me, indeed, and I hope that writing about those analyses can be useful for somebody, preferably some true reader or a teacher. I think life is also a set of stories that can be analyzed, and when you think you understand some of these stories, then you can probably write some decent fiction that hopefully somebody will like (and better, they’ll tell you so).
Fairy tales have evolved along with the societies they live in; this is how they thrive, otherwise they die out—or linger like a ghost with an unfinished business, struggling to remember what it was about—. The world used to be a more violent place, apparently, and although an argument on paradigms could prove this impression wrong, all of us can see that things are at least a lot, lot, different than they used to be two hundred or a thousand years ago. A story like the one I’ve written about is full of gore and hostility that we can hardly appreciate because our mental encyclopedias are now so much wider and full of Hollywood FX and SciFi.
I totally agree with you when you say that it can be hard for fiction to represent real life if the go easy on it; I think that the understanding of this issue has led us to Reality TV (which I think I might hate a little). But I can see that trying to connect reality and fiction and do something to better the world out of it totally make sense: The Grimm brothers tried to reinforce social and family values of their time in their versions of fairy tales; and a century and a half later, Bettelheim (accused of plagiarism and all) would tell us that children who had undergone traumatic experiences (e.g. war) could resolve their conflicts vicariously by reading fairy tales (because their heroes and heroines overcame impossible obstacles; if they could, why couldn’t they).
Thanks for visiting my blog and for taking the time to read and comment on my post. I did put much love in writing it :)
I liked the story and the way you describe everything
Thank you for your kind words, @carolinacardoza :)
And thanks for he visit!
Good, indepth sourced analysis of fairy tales. I've always loved them for what they are, "tales".
Thanks for sharing your ideas on this. Good week for you with your endeavors.
Thanks for your words and for the visit, @justclickindiva :)
There's something magical about tales. We get to like some stories when we're little, long before we even understand them.