The sovereign Aceh Sultanate of Sumatra sought contact with the Kingdom of Italy and Great Britain, and later with the Ottoman Empire. The Dutch, who felt underworld of influence, sent an expedition there, on 8 April 1873, under the leadership of General Köhler.
Köhler was killed in the First Aceh War on April 14, 1873 during the inspection after reoccupying the Baiturrahman Great Mosque which had previously been occupied by the Acehnese warriors. At that time he was hit by a bullet right in the heart. His body was taken to Singapore by steamer Koning der Nederlanden and was buried in Tanah Abang Cemetery, Batavia with military honor (in 1976 the cemetery was evicted and after 2 years hanging at the Dutch Embassy finally Köhler's body was buried in Kerkhoff, Banda Aceh on proposal Governor of Aceh at the time, Abdullah Muzakir Walad). His position as supreme commander in the first expedition was replaced by Col. E.C. van Daalen.
To mark Kohler's death, on August 14, 1988, the Aceh government with its governor Ibrahim Hasan built a memorial memorial at Kohler's death site under a tree in front of the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque of Banda Aceh.
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