Low-calorie intake has been correlated with a higher life expectancy and low inflammatory response, for instance in malnutrition your defense system is slowed or even shuts down. As C-reactive protein is a marker of chronic inflammation is only natural to expect this.
Frequency has a relatively low impact and depends on the type of food. Carbohydrates have a glucogen pathway that gives a window of approximately 4 hours and Fats close to 8 hours for ketones production.
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But what about the situation where total calorie consumption remains the same? But when you consume it changes. The more interesting aspect of this is the timing factor.
Circadian variation was presumed since the beginning of the study. Most animal and human studies have found conflicting evidence regarding frequency of intake and low intake has been the more powerful independent variable, by far. Next is the type of metabolic route.
This study has no power to suggest anything different. This is what some of us call a "We need to publish so we want a grant to study this even if the impact is negligible" publication.
Eh.
Thanks for this. So when you eat fat you make ketones for 8 hours?
No. After approximately 8 hours you start making ketones for as long as the glycolytic pathway is not sufficient.
Suppose you wake up at 6:00 am and you eat avocado, chicken breast and a minuscule portion of bread that morning. if you have low carbohydrates intake for more than 4 hours then you spend your Glycogen (your liver's reserve of glucose) at around 8 hours (2 pm or earlier as the reserves of glycogen are low when you wake up). You are in ketogenesis burning fat. You continue to make ketones for as long as the sources of carbohydrates are low.
In patients with resistant epilepsy, treated with ketogenic diets they are in constant ketogenesis. There could be common but easily treatable complications as constipation, hyperlipidemia, hypoglycemia, and acidosis. So it requires monitoring. Requires consulting a doctor.
Interesting would you recommend that type of diet even for people who are not epileptic?