2. Ethical Hacking − Hacker Types

Hackers can be classified into different categories such as white hat, black hat, and grey
hat, based on their intent of hacking a system. These different terms come from old
Spaghetti Westerns, where the bad guy wears a black cowboy hat and the good guy wears
a white hat.
White Hat Hackers
White Hat hackers are also known as Ethical Hackers. They never intent to harm a
system, rather they try to find out weaknesses in a computer or a network system as a
part of penetration testing and vulnerability assessments.
Ethical hacking is not illegal and it is one of the demanding jobs available in the IT industry.
There are numerous companies that hire ethical hackers for penetration testing and
vulnerability assessments.
Black Hat Hackers
Black Hat hackers, also known as crackers, are those who hack in order to gain
unauthorized access to a system and harm its operations or steal sensitive information.
Black Hat hacking is always illegal because of its bad intent which includes stealing
corporate data, violating privacy, damaging the system, blocking network communication,
etc.
Grey Hat Hackers
Grey hat hackers are a blend of both black hat and white hat hackers. They act without
malicious intent but for their fun, they exploit a security weakness in a computer system
or network without the owner’s permission or knowledge.
Their intent is to bring the weakness to the attention of the owners and getting
appreciation or a little bounty from the owners.
Miscellaneous Hackers
Apart from the above well-known classes of hackers, we have the following categories of
hackers based on what they hack and how they do it:
Red Hat Hackers
Red hat hackers are again a blend of both black hat and white hat hackers. They are
usually on the level of hacking government agencies, top-secret information hubs, and
generally anything that falls under the category of sensitive information.

Ethical Hacking − Hacker Types
Ethical Hacking
4
Blue Hat Hackers
A blue hat hacker is someone outside computer security consulting firms who is used to
bug-test a system prior to its launch. They look for loopholes that can be exploited and
try to close these gaps. Microsoft also uses the term BlueHat to represent a series of
security briefing events.
Elite Hackers
This is a social status among hackers, which is used to describe the most skilled. Newly
discovered exploits will circulate among these hackers.
Script Kiddie
A script kiddie is a non-expert who breaks into computer systems by using pre-packaged
automated tools written by others, usually with little understanding of the underlying
concept, hence the term Kiddie.
Neophyte
A neophyte, "n00b", or "newbie" or "Green Hat Hacker" is someone who is new to hacking
or phreaking and has almost no knowledge or experience of the workings of technology
and hacking.
Hacktivist
A hacktivist is a hacker who utilizes technology to announce a social, ideological, religious,
or political message. In general, most hacktivism involves website defacement or denialof-service
attacks.