Coffe

Coffeeis abreweddrinkprepared from roastedcoffee beans, which are the seeds ofberriesfrom theCoffeaplant. The genusCoffeais native totropical Africa(specifically having its origin inEthiopiaandSudan) andMadagascar, theComoros,Mauritius, andRéunionin the Indian Ocean.[2]The plant was exported from Africa to countries around the world. Coffee plants are now cultivated inover 70 countries, primarily in the equatorial regions ofthe Americas,Southeast Asia,India, and Africa. The two most commonly grown arearabicaandrobusta. Once ripe, coffee berries are picked, processed, and dried. Dried coffee seeds (referred to as beans) areroastedto varying degrees, depending on the desired flavor. Roasted beans areground and brewedwith near-boiling water to produce coffee as a beverage.CoffeeA cup of coffee.TypeHot or cold (usually hot)Country of originYemen (drink), Ethiopia (plant)[1]IntroducedApprox. 15th centuryColorDark brown, beige, light brown, blackCoffee is slightlyacidicand has astimulatingeffect on humans because of itscaffeinecontent. Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world.[3]It can be prepared and presented in a variety of ways (e.g.,espresso,French press,café latte, etc.). It is usually served hot, althoughiced coffeeis a popular alternative.Clinical studies indicate that moderate coffee consumption is benign or mildly beneficial in healthy adults, with continuing research on whether long-term consumption lowers the risk of some diseases, although there is generally poor quality of such studies.[4]A cup of coffee with added milkThe earliest credible evidence of coffee-drinkingappears inYemenin southern Arabia in the middle of the 15th century inSufishrines.[5]It was here in Arabia that coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a similar way to how it is now prepared. Coffee seeds were first exported from East Africa to Yemen, as the coffea arabica plant is thought to have been indigenous to the former.[6]Yemeni traders took coffee back to their homeland and began to cultivate the seed. By the 16th century, it had reachedPersia,Turkey, andNorth Africa. From there, it spread to Europe and the rest of the world.Brazilis the leading grower of coffee, producing one-third of the world total in 2016. Coffee is a major export commodity: it is the top agricultural export for numerous countries and isamong the world's largest legal agricultural exports.[3][7]It is one of the most valuable commodities exported by developing countries. Green (unroasted) coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world.[8]Some controversy is associated with coffee cultivation and the way developed countries trade with developing nations and the impact of its cultivation on the environment, in regards to the clearing of land for coffee-growing and water use. Consequently, the markets forfair trade coffeeandorganic coffeeare expanding.[citation needed]EtymologyCoffee beansThe word "coffee" entered the English language in 1582 via theDutchkoffie,[9]borrowed from theOttoman Turkishkahve, in turn, borrowed from theArabicqahwah(قهوة).[10]The Arabic wordqahwahwas traditionally held to refer to a type ofwinewhoseetymologyis given byArablexicographersas deriving from the verbqahiya(قَهِيَ), "to lack hunger", in reference to the drink's reputation as anappetitesuppressant. It has also been proposed that the source may be the Proto-Central Semitic root q-h-h meaning "dark".[11]Alternatively, the wordKhat, a plant widely used as a stimulant inYemenandEthiopiabefore being supplanted by coffee has been suggested as a possible origin, or the Arabic wordquwwah'(meaning "strength").[12]It may also come fromtheKingdom of Kaffain southeast Ethiopia where Coffea arabica grows wild, but this is considered less likely;[11]in the local Kaffa language, the coffee plant is instead called"bunno".[13]The expression "coffee break" was first attested in 1952.[14]The term "coffee pot" dates from 1705.[14]