Educational philosophy is said to be speculative because it seeks to build theories of human nature, the nature of society, the nature of the world, which is very useful in interpreting data as a result of different scientific research.

Educational philosophy is said to be prescriptive if the philosophy of education determines the goals that must be followed and achieved, and determines the right and correct ways to be used in achieving these goals. Because it explicitly determines the educational goals to be achieved.
Philosophy of education is said analytic, if the philosophy of education explains speculative and prescriptive questions.

For example testing the raciality associated with educational ideas or ideas and testing how they are consistent with other ideas. For example we introduce the concept of "How to Study Active Students in Aceh". source
Analytic education philosophy logically tests the concepts of education, such as what is meant by: "9-year Basic Education", "Academic Education", "Lifelong Education" and so on

“The role of philosophy is very large in underlying various aspects of education for pedagogical guidance.” source

The role of philosophy in education

After we study the meaning of philosophy and education, it can be concluded that education is the result of the civilization of a nation that is continuously developed based on the ideals and goals of philosophy and outlook on life, so that it becomes an institutionalized reality in its society.

The role of educational philosophy according to experts
Brauner and Burn argue that education and philosophy cannot be separated, because the goals of education are the same as the goals of philosophy. Wisdom and the path taken by philosophy are the same as those taken by education.
Kupatrick argues that philosophizing and educating is thinking and considering values and ideals that are better, while educating is an effort to realize these values and ideals in human life and personality.
Prof. Brameld argues that in order to tackle the problems of education efficiently we must bring philosophy.

Philosophy besides being used to overcome the problem of education efficiently clearly and systematically, it also functions as an analysis tool, for synthesis and assessment.
While the Philosophy of Islamic Education is the science that discusses all issues relating to Islamic education, with the aim of obtaining answers from all problems related to Islamic education.

Regarding the scope of Educational Philosophy, actually very broad and deep. However, it can be concluded into two parts, namely the basics of the discussion of educational philosophy and the goals of educational philosophy.

Fundamentals of Discussion in the Philosophy of Education

The main basis of the discussion of educational philosophy is the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Apostles, both theoretically and, practically, which must be applied in education, as well as which must answer from all educational problems.

In accordance with the scope of general philosophy, the discussion of educational philosophy was divided into several fields of philosophical research, namely the field of metaphysics (ontology), the field of epistemology and the field of axiology. These are the main points in the discussion of educational philosophy.

Metaphysics (Ontology)

The field of ontology is tasked with finding the essence of everything that is encountered, especially about the Creator (Khalik), Creatures and the universe.

In an effort to find the essence of this thing, knowledge in the field of religion or divinity was born, which was related to the problem of "what".

In the religion of Islam there is Tawheed and Kalam Sciences, basically the Islamic faith. Efforts to find the essence of truth based on faith can support the firmness of faith and lead to piety.
The basics of metaphysical discussion include Khalik, God, the Creator, who created nature and its contents. Then look for human nature as God's creatures who are charged with obligations in a meaningful and useful life.

As materials and tools for life, God has provided everything. Furthermore, this metaphysics also discusses the nature of the universe, as a material and a medium that is granted by God to humans, for the provision of the world and the hereafter. For all this to be useful, humans are obliged to process it.

Epistemology

This field learns about the nature of science, as well as understanding its understanding, that with human science will gain progress and increase the welfare of life, both physically and mentally.

In this hat it is believed that God has educated people about what they already know. Also the Qur'an has taught humanity to think, to use reason according to its function, to achieve true knowledge.

In this hat, seeking knowledge is obligatory for Muslims. Humans are given the ability to think and judge things based on their knowledge from the results of the use of reason. Thus science will function to:
a) Know the truth using the basis of revelation or science, or both.
b) Explain the teachings and aQidah Islamiyah.
c) Mastering nature to improve the welfare and happiness of humanity.
d) Improving Islamic culture and civilization.

Axiology

This field discusses values. Knowledge acquired must have a value, and that value must be religiously based, because the knowledge possessed by a person will influence the character and behavior of those who rule it. This is closely related to ethical issues.

Targets of Educational Philosophy

Educational Objectives

Philosophy of education is a science that is essentially an answer to the questions in the field of education. Because it is philosophical, the essence is the application of a philosophical analysis of the education field.

The main target is the purpose of education, as an answer to the question "What is the school for? Where is this education going?

To determine the purpose of education, philosophy holds a broad and in-depth review of reality, peeling views of the world and the outlook on human life.

Finally, the concepts of all of them serve as the basis for the preparation of the concept of educational goals. Then, also discussed about the experience of educators in developing and growing children associated with reality. All of this will be used as a material consideration in developing themselves.

In addition, the views on the nature of being, creatures, the universe, knowledge and values are also examined. Everything is integrated in determining the curriculum.
Method
If the goals have been formulated in accordance with the philosophical goals adopted, the next step is to explore ways of applying the aspects of education contained in educational goals.

Philosophy will hold a discussion about me (ego) and goals, then also discuss what methods are right for the person concerned. For example, based on the science of personality psychology, the flow of monism ideology Materialism assumes that humans are reaction creatures, their reaction patterns are conveyed as stimulus responses.

To increase the effectiveness of human behavior only requires experience or training (drill). Whereas according to the flow of monism ideology Idealism views that humans are the primary principle is the soul, because the body without the soul will not be helpless.

So education must be carried out based on the nature and needs of the roldaani principle, to foster human ratios, feelings, wills and spirit.

Of the two ideologies can give birth to several methods that can be used in the educational process, for example training methods, assignment methods, lecture methods and so on. So choosing a method must also refer to goals based on philosophical studies.

Educational Tools

What is meant by educational tools is everything what is used in an effort to achieve education. Education is also a tool to achieve educational goals.
Based on its function, educational tools can be divided into three types, namely:
· Tools as equipment.
· Tools as a helper in facilitating efforts to achieve goals.
· Tool as an objective.
In thinking about the tools that will be used in education, the function of each tool should be taken into account. Among other things about the maturity of children to receive education, and about space and time. So the selection of tools must be adapted to these things.

Based on the stages of child development, educational tools are divided into:
a) Tools that provide equipment in the form of skills to memorize and memorize knowledge. This tool can be called as a habituation tool.
b) Tools for giving understanding, forming attitudes, interests and ways of thinking.
c) Tools that lead to inner silence, trust and surrender to God.

In addition to this division, educational tools can also be divided into:
· Direct tools, namely tools that are advocating in line with the intent of the business.
· Indirect tools; namely tools that are preventative and eradicating things that are contrary to the intent of the business.

Direct tools are also called positive tools, for example all kinds of suggestions, orders, necessity. While indirect tools are called negative tools, for example prohibitions, warnings and the like with all the consequences. Another division is the educated and educator.

Besides these three things, including the goals of Educational Philosophy are educational factors, and efforts to integrate knowledge that support education efforts.

Conclusion

Educational philosophy consists of what one believes about education which is a collection of principles that guide one's professional actions. Furthermore the philosophy of education is related to "Determination of the nature of goals, educational tools, and translating these principles into policies to implement.

So by understanding the philosophy of education. The implementation of education will be more effective and efficient, more directed to the targets to be achieved so as to accelerate the achievement of educational goals.

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