区块链和开放市场 | Naval

本文来自 twitter@Naval，发布于 2017 年 6 月，原文链接见参考。Naval Ravikant 是硅谷投资人，创办 AngelList 资本，著名的投资项目有 Uber 和 Twitter。本文是 Naval 关于区块链和市场的一些看法，比起对区块链流行的报道和描述，可谓更加客观清明。此外，在 2018 年 5 月，Naval 在 Twitter 上发布 How to Get Rich (without getting lucky)，微信里有很多中译版可读。

1/ Blockchains will replace networks with markets.

区块链将用市场取代传统网络。

2/ Humans are the networked species. The first species to network across genetic boundaries and thus seize the world.

人是网络物种。第一个跨越遗传边界网络的物种，进而夺取世界。

3/ Networks allow us to cooperate when we would otherwise go it alone. And networks allocate the fruits of our cooperation.

网络允许我们合作，否则我们将只能单独行动。并且，网络分配给我们合作的成果。

4/ Overlapping networks create and organize our society. Physical, digital, and mental roads connecting us all.

叠加网络创造并组织我们的社会，物理通道、数字通道和情感通道正在连接所有人。

5/ Money is a network. Religion is a network. A corporation is a network. Roads are a network. Electricity is a network...

金钱是一个网络。宗教是一个网络。公司是一个网络。道路是一个网络。电是一个网络……

6/ Networks must be organized according to rules. They require Rulers to enforce these rules. Against cheaters.

必须按照规则组织网络。它们要求统治者执行这些规则，以反对骗子。

7/ Networks have "network effects." Adding a new participant increases the value of the network for all existing participants.

网络具有“网络效应”。新的参与者会增加已有参与者的价值。

8/ Network effects thus create a winner-take-all dynamic. The leading network tends towards becoming the only network.

网络效应创造赢家通吃的动力。领先的网络趋向于成为唯一的网络。

9/ And the Rulers of these networks become the most powerful people in society.

这些网络的统治者会变成社会上最有权力的人。

10/ Some are run by kings and priests who choose what is money and law, sacred and profane. Rule is closed to outsiders and based on power.

一些网络被国王和牧师驱动，他们的方法是钱和法律，神圣和亵渎（教义）。规则对外人关闭，它只基于权力。

11/ Many are run by corporations. The social network. The search network. The phone or cable network. Closed but initially meritocratic.

许多网络被公司驱动。比如社会网络，搜索网络，电话或有线网络。它们已经（成型）关闭，但最初都是由精英管理的。

12/ Some are run by elites. The university network. The medical network. The banking network. Somewhat open and somewhat meritocratic.

一些网络被精英管理。比如大学网络，医疗网络，银行网络。有点开放，也有点精英。

13/ A few are run by the mob. Democracy. The Internet. The commons. Open, but not meritocratic. And very inefficient.

少数网络由暴民管理——“民主制度”。比如互联网，公地，它们开放但不由精英管理，并且非常低效。

14/ Dictatorships are more efficient in war than democracies. The Internet and physical commons are overloaded with abuse and spam.

在战争中，独裁统治比民主国家更有效率。互联网和物理公共资源因滥用和垃圾邮件而过载。

15/ The 20th century created a new kind of network - market networks. Open AND meritocratic.

20 世纪创造了一种新型网络——市场网络。它开放且由精英管理。

16/ Merit in markets is determined by a commitment of resources. The resource is money, a form of frozen and trade-able time.

市场的优势取决于资源的承兑。资源就是金钱，是一种可冻结的和可交易的时间。

17/ The market networks are titans. The credit markets. The stock markets. The commodities markets. The money markets. They break nations.

市场网络都是巨头，信贷市场，股票市场，商品市场，货币市场。他们打破了国家垄断。

18/ Market networks work where there is a commitment of money. Otherwise they are just mob networks. The applications are limited.

市场在有金钱承诺的地方奏效，否则它们只是暴徒的网络，应用将受到限制。

19/ Until now.

到现在为止。

20/ Blockchains are a new invention that allows meritorious participants in an open network to govern without a ruler and without money.

区块链是一项新发明，在开放网络中，它允许有价值的参与者在没有统治者和没有钱的情况下进行治理。

21/They are merit-based, tamper-proof, open, voting systems.

区块链是基于绩效的，防篡改的，开放的投票系统。

22/ The meritorious are those who work to advance the network.

那些努力推进网络的人是有功的。

23/ As society gives you money for giving society what it wants, blockchains give you coins for giving the network what it wants.

随着社会为你提供社会所需的金钱，区块链也会为你提供其网络所需的代币。

24/ It's important to note that blockchains pay in their own coin, not the common (dollar) money of financial markets.

重要的是注意区块链用自己的代币支付，而不是金融市场上普通的钱。

25/ Blockchains pay in coin, but the coin just tracks the work done. And different blockchains demand different work.

区块链用代币支付，但是代币也用于跟踪完成工作。不同的区块链需要不同的工作。

26/ Bitcoin pays for securing the ledger. Etherium pays for (executing and verifying) computation.

比特币为账本安全支付费用，以太坊为（执行和验证）计算支付费用。

27/ Blockchains combine the openness of democracy and the Internet with the merit of markets.

区块链将民主和互联网的开放性与市场优点结合起来。

28/ To a blockchain, merit can mean security, computation, prediction, attention, bandwidth, power, storage, distribution, content...

对于区块链，它的优点可以指安全、计算、预测、焦点、带宽、功率、存储、分布式、内容……

29/ Blockchains port the market model into places where it couldn't go before.

区块链将市场模型移植到此前无法进入的地方。

30/ Blockchains' open and merit based markets can replace networks previously run by kings, corporations, aristocracies, and mobs.

区块链的开放和择优市场可以取代以前由国王、公司、贵族和暴民运营的网络。

31/ It's nonsensical to have a blockchain without a coin just like it's nonsensical to have a market without money.

没有代币的区块链是没有意义的，就像没有钱的市场一样没有意义。

32/ It's nonsensical to have a blockchain controlled by a sovereign, a corporation, an elite, or a mob.

一个由主权体、公司、精英或暴民控制的区块链是荒谬的。

33/ Blockchains give us new ways to govern networks. For banking. For voting. For search. For social media. For phone and energy grids.

区块链为我们提供了管理网络的新方法，用于银行、投票、搜索、社交媒体、电话和能源网。

34/ Networks governed without kings, priests, elites, corporations and mobs. Networks governed by anyone with merit to the network.

区块网络不被国王、牧师、精英和暴徒统治，它被任何对其网络有价值的人统治。

35/ Blockchain-based market networks will replace existing networks. Slowly, then suddenly. In one thing, then in many things.

基于区块链的市场网络将取代现有网络。首先很慢，然后很突然；先在一件事情上发生，然后在很多事情上发生。

36/ Ultimately, the nation-state is just a network (of networks).

最终，民主国家只是一个（网络的）网络。

FIN/ Thank you, Satoshi Nakomoto. And to all the shoulders that Satoshi stands upon.

感谢你，感谢中本聪，以及所有中本聪所倚靠的肩膀。

Reference

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