Lazar Markovich Lissitzky (El Lissitzky)
He was born 22 Nov 1890 in a village Pochinok Smolensk region. The boy grew up in the family of an entrepreneur-craftsman. He spent his childhood in the city of Vitebsk. General education Lisitsky received in Smolensk real school. After that, the future artist entered the higher Polytechnic school in Germany. He successfully graduated from this educational institution, having received the diploma of the engineer-architect. During this period Lisitsky travels a lot, visiting Italy, France.
Lisitsky shared the fate of all the great avant-garde artists. By the 1930s, with the change of state policy in the field of culture, he began to receive less and less work, after the death of his wife and even sent to Siberia, and the name of the artist himself was forgotten. Given Lisitsky's close ties to the European art world, it is not surprising that his influence abroad is valued much more than in Russia. In the West, his exhibitions are regularly organized, there are more opportunities to get his work, many of which settled in America — with picturesque holes, for example, the Russian audience is almost not familiar, and the poster "Bay wedge" RGB did not give to the exhibition for the last 40 years — meanwhile, it is important for the history of Russian avant-garde with the "Black square" Malevich's work.
It is not easy to judge how Lisitsky changed the world: he worked in all conceivable directions at once, but it is difficult to associate a single author's concept with his name. Lisitsky is connected both with the invention of Jewish modernism, with the development of constructivist architecture, and with the invention of constructivist techniques in printing, and his merits — perhaps just the first — in the design of exhibitions and photo exhibitions, where he really ahead of his time. A short period associated with the invention of the prouns, had a strong impact on all Western fine arts — first of all, the Bauhaus school, but also on the Hungarian avant-garde.
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